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\rhead{Earth, Moon, and Planets Lab (Tue 7-10pm)}
\chead{}
\lhead{Exercise set 7}
\renewcommand{\rightmark}{}
\lfoot{Roban Hultman Kramer} \cfoot{\thepage} \rfoot{Spring 2006}

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\begin{document}
\begin{center}
\huge Exercise set seven
\end{center}

\section{Extrasolar planet detection}

\subsection*{Materials} graph of velocity versus time for 51 Peg, and
relative flux versus time for HD209458b from\\
\url{http://www.astro.columbia.edu/~lab/planning/labs/stars/exoplanets/}

\subsection*{Instructions}

For 51 Peg:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Find the period, $P$, and half amplitude, $v_\mathrm{max}$, of
  the star's motion.

\item How big is the shift in wavelength, $\Delta \lambda$ that
  corresponds to $v_\mathrm{max}$?

\item Find the radius of the planet's orbit and its mass. Assume the
  orbit is edge-on, and the stellar mass is $1 M_\mathrm{Sun}$.

\item How does the mass of the planet compare to the mass of Jupiter?
  Note: $M_\mathrm{J} = 0.001 M_\mathrm{Sun}$.

\item Where would this planet be in the Solar System if it were
  orbiting the Sun? In other words, how does the size of its orbit
  compare to orbits of planets in the Solar System?
\end{enumerate}

For HD209458b
\begin{enumerate}
\item The fraction of light from one disk blocked by another (assuming
  both are very far away) is
  $(R_\mathrm{planet}/R_\mathrm{star})^2$. Why?
\item What fraction of the star light is blocked by the planet in this
  case?
\item What is the radius of the planet compared to the star in this
  case?
\item If you assume the star has the same radius as the Sun, how does
 the radius of HD209458b compare to Jupiter. Note: The Sun's radius is
 $10$ times larger than Jupiter's.
\end{enumerate}

\section{Explosions from the Sun}

\subsection*{Materials} handout from \url{http://nasaexplores.nasa.gov/show_912_student_sh.php?id=050128132940}

\subsection*{Instructions}

Please answer all the questions from the handout in your lab notebook.

\section{Movies of the Sun}

\subsection*{Materials} computer with Internet access. 

\subsection*{Instructions}

Talk to me before going to the Library.

Go to \url{http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/bestofsoho/}.

\subsubsection*{Sun-grazing comets}

\textbf{Watch the movies of comets and answer these questions:}

\begin{enumerate}
\item The comets all show a tail or sometimes multiple tails. Can you
  figure out any pattern in what direction the different tails point
  (i.e.  ahead of the comet, behind the comet, toward or away from a
  specific object)?

\item Are comets ever destroyed?

\item Write one interesting thing you noticed in the comet movies.
\end{enumerate}

\subsubsection*{Solar activity}
\textbf{Watch some of the movies of ``Sunspots and solar activity'',
  ``Flares and CMEs'' and ``Filaments and Prominences'' and answer
  these questions:}

\begin{enumerate}
\item Which regions of the Sun's surface show the most activity? Which
  regions show the least activity? It may help to watch the movie
  called ``Annual increase in solar activity from 1996 to 2001''.

\item After some mass ejections there is sometimes a burst of
  ``static'', random lines and dots that appear in the image. What you
  are seeing is protons from the ejection event hitting the detector.
  Why do you think you only see the static after some mass ejections?
  Hint: is the mass ejected in every direction?

\item Do the protons travel at the speed of light? How can you tell?

\item About how fast do the protons travel? Note: $1 \mathrm{au} = 1.5
  \times 10^8 \mathrm{km} = 8.3$~light-minutes, meaning that light
  from the Sun takes $8.3$ minutes to reach us. Show your work and tell
  me which movie or movies your answer is based on.

\item Write one interesting thing you noticed in these movies.
\end{enumerate}


\end{document}