When a star has a bright outburst, the light may illuminate clouds or sheets of interstellar dust in its vicinity and along the line of sight to us. The arrival of the scattered light is delayed from the arrival of the direct signal, resulting in apparent rings that expand in time. Some of the more spectacular examples are illustrated here.
X-ray scattering halo from a Soft Gamma-ray Repeater outburst detected by the Swift satellite on January 22, 2009. Note the apparent expansion of the echo on successive days.
Swift satellite animation of X-ray scattering halo from the outburst of the black hole binary V404 Cyg on June 30 - July 4, 2015